新冠疫情爆发至今两年,随着全国确诊数、住院率和死亡率下滑,联邦疾病防治中心(CDC)已宣布修改防疫指南,取消建议为确诊个案进行接触史追踪,并聚焦于高感染风险的环境;这也反映,欧洲国家及国内超过一半以上的州已陆续停止接触史追踪计划。 专门追踪确诊者接触史的约翰霍普金斯大学(JHU)健康安全中心资深学者克里斯托‧华森(Crystal Watson)表示:「这是个很大的改变,也反映各州和地方政府的现况,尤其是变种病毒Omicron爆发后,根本没有办法可以追上传染的速度,加上很多确诊案例没有通报,我们根本无从查起。」 依照最原始的接触史追踪计划,只要与国内确诊者在六呎以内的距离交互超过15分钟的人,无论病毒筛检结果为合,即被匡列并要求居家隔离两周;不过碍于各单位搜集的参数不齐、确诊量不一、检测结果延后等因素,造成病毒流行率难以掌握,接触史追踪的难度增加。 如今CDC向公卫部门强调聚焦在单一高风险环境,如长照中心、监狱、拘留所或庇护中心;另外,随着疫情趋缓,防疫措施放宽,免疫功能不足的患者风险也跟着增加。 CDC发言人诺德隆德(Kristen Nordlund)表示:「更新防疫指南是为了因应疫情的变化,以及抗疫工具和资源的取得性已变得更加容易。」 不过华森也坦言,新的防疫指南恐怕让好不容易创建的接触史追踪系统瓦解;2020年冬天疫情巅峰之际,国内负责接触史追踪的人员多达7万人,华森说:「我们应该将重建公卫系统的资源,取一部份做更广泛的应用,让我们在下一波危机来临时,可以紧急找来足够的人做接触史追踪。」 |
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