[独家]华裔家长在蒙郡教育改革中显示力量
摘要: 反击歧视，华裔家长在“教育改革”对话中显示力量《华府网》特约记者钟家钰华人家长骄傲地展示“反对Recommendation 3a”和“所有人使用同一个标准录取”的标语2016 年5月5日傍晚，马里兰蒙郡华人家长联合会（Chines ...
 《华府网》特约记者钟家钰
2016 年5月5日傍晚，马里兰蒙郡华人家长联合会（Chinese American Parent Association of Montgomery County MD, 简称CAPA-MC）组织上百位华人家长参加了蒙郡教育局（Bureau Of Education，BOE）组织的一个社区对话，商讨“资优班（Gifted and talented/GT，Highly gifted center）”改革的问题。对话现场唇枪舌剑，气氛强烈。这是一个月来，同一主题第三场社区对话，经过前两场的洗礼和本次的充分准备，华人家长在这场对话中取得压倒性优势。 蒙郡教育局于今年三月份发布了由第三方所做的调研报告Choice Program Study report（http://www.montgomeryschoolsmd.org/info/choice/report.aspx）。报告总结了当前教育系统明显的“族裔失衡”现象，并提出改革的若干项建议。其中一条建议即Recommendation 3a提出，对资优班和Magnet Program的录取，将按照“不同种族不同标准”，加入“非认知性因素”等标准。华裔家长对这条建议的普遍解读是，如果这个建议得到实施，占蒙郡人口比例15%的亚裔， 以后在GT program 中就只能占15%。而实际上，由于亚裔孩子们的努力，他们目前在GT program中占30% 到40%。 这项建议引起了华人社区的普遍关注、忧虑、甚至是愤慨，很多华人家长把它视为一个限制华人机会的配额制。华人家长就行动起来建立专门的微信群讨论此事。很多华裔学生家长在仔细阅读了这份 206页的报告后，对于Recommendation 3a的根据提出了严重的质疑。他们强烈指责报告中建议使用种族比例来限制资优学生录取比例的不合理作法，并且指出建议所隐含的种族歧视和采用这项建议可能带来的不良后果。 此前，蒙郡的华人家长们已经在筹备CAPA-MC；现在种族歧视当前，家长们加快了建会的进程。组织者通过宣传吸引了越来越多的华人家长（目前有超过800个家长）加入讨论以及行动，以阻止Recommendation 3a的实施。4 月 6 日和 4 月 18 日，部分华人家长分别参加了蒙郡教委在 盖城高中（Gaithersburg HS）和约翰肯尼迪高中（John F. Kennedy HS）就这份报告举行的两场社区对话，并在会场积极向教委提出了自己的关注和反对意见。5月5日的这次对话是最后一次，在华特约翰逊高中（Walter Johnson HS）举行。 有了前两次对话的经验教训，华人家长群体在第三次对话中不仅取得人数上的绝对优势，而且采用多个策略来发出自己的声音，这些策略包括，尽量多的华人家长参加会议；分散到不同的桌子；争取做本桌的讨论书记员和发言人；不被组织方的提问方向所局限，争取把预先准备的评论完整表达出来，必要的时候采取多人接力的方式；事先准备标语牌等等。这些策略被证明非常有效。 CAPA-MC会员童春心，在本桌的发言人读完关于BOE第一个问题的讨论记录之后，大胆质疑采用族裔配额录取学生是否违宪，赢得大量掌声。他在会后告诉记者，他的发言来自于他研究的“参考文献”，即他的孩子的教材《民权与公共政策》一章的类似案例。 CAPA-MC会员周杰，作为本桌的发言人在回答BOE的第二个问题时，朗读了《我的美国梦》，并且接着说，“我希望NBA的俱乐部，给亚裔孩子按照人口比例给予代表机会。他们应该设立筛选亚裔孩子的标准，考虑到亚裔孩子的热情和坚韧，而不是打球得分的水平来选拔…”。他用反讽的方式来揭露Recommendation 3a的荒谬之处，引来大量会心的笑声和掌声，同时也引发巨大争议。 支持者认为这个针对BOE改革方案的批评入木三分；而包括主持人在内的反对者认为这个发言和第二个问题没有直接相关性，试图终止他的发言。在僵局中，包括华裔、印度裔和白人家长在内的支持者打出了“反对Recommendation 3a”的标语。事后记者了解到，周杰本想引用马丁路德金的“我有一个梦，我希望我们的孩子被人用品行的标准，而不是肤色来判断”，因为时间关系并没有机会讲出来。 之后现场的发言，不管族裔背景如何，主要的意思都和华裔家长的意思一致，就是采用同一个标准评判所有的孩子，根据他们的需要和能力水平，而不是别的因素，来决定是否录取。 很多华人家长在会后告诉记者，在小桌讨论的时候，有些别的族裔家长本来要支持BOE的“配额改革”，但是在和华裔家长的讨论中，认识到这个改革方向的危险性和严重性，最后改口支持华裔的观点。华人家长陈立功的同桌有个白人，刚开始按照BOE的思路，认为“平等的教育制度”，就是按照族裔人口比例，在资优班有相应的族裔的孩子比例。后来陈立功说服了她。 湖北同乡会副会长李方，这是第三次参加对话。他对记者表示，尽管他的孩子已经上大学了，这个改革和他的孩子无关。但是他在孩子申请大学的过程中看到亚裔，尤其是亚裔男孩受到的严重歧视，所以决定参与到反对类似歧视的活动中。“本来我来了两次，开始想这次就不参加了，后来想想还是不放心，就又来了。” 湖北同乡会前会长熊力君注重孩子教育，她的孩子都非常优秀。她不仅动员家人，还动员老朋友参加这个活动，她在湖北同乡会的微信群里面发通知和照片，希望更多的华人加入活动。 清华大学校友会的张萱，是在中文学校开设趣味数学课的义工。这次是她第一次参加这个活动，她对记者表示，“我对统计学非常熟悉，可以看到这个Recommendation 3a所基于的（统计）研究有很多缺陷。举个例子，这个研究的一部分是问卷调查，问卷有英文和西班牙语两个版本。可是蒙郡的亚裔比例15%，有的地方甚至更多，为什么没有中文版本的问卷呢？所以这个调查的立场倾向性非常明显，不是一个合格的调查。” 武汉大学校友会会长冯新芳也是第一次参加这个活动，她说此前她对此不了解，但是一旦知道这个活动之后，就意识到这个事情的重要性。她还在华盛顿地区武大校友会里面转发这个消息，希望更多的华人家长参加这个活动，发出我们的声音。她很高兴华人很团结，在很多桌子都占有绝对优势。 海南同乡会的周定美，作为CAPA-MC的筹建会会长之一，组织和参加了这次活动。她在10天前曾经广发呼吁：“在4月26日刚出炉的蒙郡教委会BOE 的初选结果就已经证明了华裔家长们齐心投票的作用。被不少华裔家长选定的Phil Kauffman稳坐前两名，出线初选，将在大选中挑战退休校长 Jeanette Dixon。虽然Dixon在教育工作者中很受尊重，Phil Kauffman作为连任两届的教委也有很强的经验和政绩。华裔家长联合会将继续在十一月大选前积极推广宣传，帮助大家了解所有候选人的政纲，希望大选时我们华裔的投票率更有力量，真正影响到蒙郡教育政策的长远发展。”记者还在活动现场采访了一个十多岁的华人小孩，她表示是她妈妈觉得这个活动很重要，让她一起来的。 和华裔家长一致反对不同，别的族裔少数家长对于Recommendation 3a有不同的看法。因为白人的人口比例和孩子在资优班的比例都是大约30%，讨论中的改革对于白人没有影响，所以他们并不反对这个建议，他们更关注的是这个改革的别的方面，比如说特许兄弟姐妹进入同一个学校。有一些白人家长在小桌讨论的时候直言，亚裔的孩子考试水平就是偏高，所以引入别的录取标准无可厚非。但是，同桌的华人家长很快反驳，只要标准统一、透明、合理，增加非考试标准，并不会遭到亚裔的反对。而非洲裔和西班牙语裔参与这个对话的家长非常少，他们对于讨论中的改革方案也没有发出统一或者确定的声音。 还有华人家长提到，BOE的组织者在点名发言人的时候，明显希望非华裔的家长发言，但是他们的策略未能阻止华人成功地发出自己的声音。 笔者参加了所有三次对话，综合观之，BOE组织者的态度耐人寻味。在第一次对话活动中，蒙郡教委将报告的重点制作成很有误导性的幻灯片展示给大家看，对于Recommendation 3a非常自信，未料到受到大量的批评。似乎是因为首次感到来自华人家长的强大压力，教委在第二次和第三次对话中，不再展示幻灯片，而采用比较模糊的问答方式，并在和华人家长交流时一再强调Recommendation 3a并不是他们的必然选择，对话就是为了收集意见。教委对于第三次对话中华人使用标语和“脱离问题发表看法”表示了不满，希望家长们用一种更值得尊重的方式交流。 记者注意到，教育系统内部也有和BOE组织者不同的声音。第一次对话中就有一个蒙郡公立学校的白人教师在得到发言权之后拒绝回答预定问题，反而明确指出，“这个调研报告的措辞，这些问题设置的方式，都是误导性的。只能跳出这些桎梏（think out of the box），才能开展实质性的交流并且解决问题。” 总体而言，华人家长在三次对话中，尤其是第三次，显示了自己的力量和决心，对教委造成了压力。蒙郡华人家长会期待更多的华人家长加入进来，并走出去，联合更多的亚裔志愿者，力争我们的子女在教育系统不会受到歧视。如果需要加入相关微信群，请联系钟家钰（微信号码7827707）并务必说明CAPA-MC。 钟家钰简介： 钟家钰为中文工具书《美国行车宝典》主编。在美国知名保险公司工作几年之后，他发现别家保险公司在对待车祸受害者索赔的时候有严重的不公平行为，这让客户受损，又无处伸冤，因为律师一般不接受小案子。为了帮助在美国的中国人在类似的事件中维护权利，他成立了专门的维权索赔的 “华人索赔专家” 咨询公司，成效显著。钟家钰作为积极参加华盛顿地区华人社区建设的义工，是清华大学校友会理事，湖北同乡会秘书长，川渝同乡会理事，华盛顿同乡会联合会宣传部副部长。他因创新优质的维权服务以及对于华人社区的贡献，获评为2015年度“大华府杰出华人”。他是华盛顿地区声援梁彼得集会的发起人之一和组织者，也是马里兰的蒙郡华人家长联合会的创会会员。此文是他以个人身份作为特约记者采写，并在《华府网》独家发表。
 华人家长骄傲地展示“反对Recommendation 3a”的标语。
（责任编辑 王杰夫） |
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